创建Django项目

#第一步确保自己的pip拥有这个几包（django-cors-headers、mysqlclient、serializers、djangorestframework）pip list
#本次项目名称为Django，应用名称为app
创建项目：django-admin startproject Django(项目名称)
进入目录：cd Django
创建应用：python manage.py startapp app(子应用名称)

Django/setting配置（部分配置，不可直接复制！！！）

INSTALLED_APPS = [
	'app',
    'corsheaders'
]

# 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',如果你的项目没有考虑到 csrf 网络攻击,可注释掉,否则会报错没有传递 csrf cookie
MIDDLEWARE = [
	'corsheaders.middleware.CorsMiddleware',
]

CORS_ORIGIN_ALLOW_ALL = True

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': '数据库',
        'USER': '用户',
        'PASSWORD': '密码',
        'HOST': '主机地址',
        'PORT': '端口号',
    }
}

app/models.py(数据库文件)

from django.db import models


# 创建你的数据库结构
# 一对一结构-一对多结构-多对多结构
class Student(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=100, null=True, blank=True)  # 姓名
    sex = models.IntegerField(choices=[(0, '男'), (1, '女')], null=True, blank=True)  # 性别，0表示男，1表示女
    age = models.IntegerField(null=True, blank=True)  # 年龄
    courses = models.ManyToManyField('Course', related_name='students', blank=True)  # 课程多对多关联
    classroom = models.ForeignKey('Classroom', on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True, blank=True)  # 班级外键
    detail = models.OneToOneField('StudentDetail', on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True, blank=True)  # 学生详细信息一对一关联

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'Student'


class Course(models.Model):
    course_name = models.CharField(max_length=100, null=True, blank=True)  # 课程名称

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'Course'


class Classroom(models.Model):
    class_name = models.CharField(max_length=100, null=True, blank=True)  # 班级名称

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'Classroom'


class StudentDetail(models.Model):
    introduction = models.TextField(null=True, blank=True)  # 自我介绍字段

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'StudentDetail'


# 级联查询
class City(models.Model):
    city_name = models.CharField(max_length=100, null=True, blank=True)  # 城市名称
    level = models.IntegerField(choices=(
        (0, '省'),
        (1, '市'),
        (2, '区，县'),
        (3, '村'),
    ), null=True, blank=True)  # 等级，0表示省，1表示市，2表示县
    parent_id = models.IntegerField(null=True, blank=True)  # 上级城市ID

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'City'


# 生成迁移文件！！！
# python manage.py makemigrations app
# 根据迁移文件生成数据库文件
# python manage.py migrate

app/serializers.py(数据库序列化文件，手动创建)

from rest_framework import serializers
from .models import *


# 一对一结构-一对多结构-多对多结构
class CourseSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Course
        fields = "__all__"


class ClassroomSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Classroom
        fields = "__all__"


class StudentDetailSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = StudentDetail
        fields = "__all__"


class StudentSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    classroom = ClassroomSerializer()  # 使用嵌套的 CitySerializer
    detail = StudentDetailSerializer()  # 关联信息
    courses = CourseSerializer(many=True)

    class Meta:
        model = Student
        fields = "__all__"


# 级联查询
class CitySerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    children = serializers.SerializerMethodField()

    class Meta:
        model = City
        fields = "__all__"

    def get_children(self, obj):
        children = City.objects.filter(parent_id=obj.id)
        print(children)
        serializer = CitySerializer(children, many=True)
        return serializer.data

Django/urls.py配置（配置路由分支管理，base可随意更换，http://127.0.0.1:8000/base）

from django.urls import path, include

urlpatterns = [
    path('base/',include('app.urls')),
]

app/urls.py配置（需手动创建！！配置子路由管理，index可随意更换，http://127.0.0.1:8000/base/index）

from django.urls import path
from .views import *

urlpatterns = [
    path('index/',IndexView.as_view()),
]

app/views.py配置(路由内容管理中心)

from rest_framework.views import APIView
from django.http import JsonResponse


class IndexView(APIView):
    def get(self, request):
        return JsonResponse({
            'code': 1,
        })

基础配置结束（启动！！！）

python manage.py runserver
# http://localhost:8000/base/index/

操作类

app/views.py

from django.db.models import Q
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from django.http import JsonResponse
from django.core.paginator import Paginator
from .serializers import *
from .models import *
import json
class IndexView(APIView):
    def get(self, request):
        data = request.data  # 示例类型，也可以一个值都不传  {"page_current":1,"page_size":5,"sort":["age","id"],"filter":{"id":2,"name__regex":"娃"}}
        q = Q()  # q.connector = 'AND' 连接规则，默认为AND，也可以为OR
        if data.get('filter'):
            for key, value in json.loads(data.get('filter')).items():
                q.children.append((key, value))
        student_all = Student.objects.filter(q)
        if data.get('sort'):
            student_all = student_all.order_by(*json.loads(data.get('sort')))

        student_paginator = Paginator(student_all, data.get('page_size', 5))
        student_page = student_paginator.get_page(data.get('page_current', 1))

        return JsonResponse({
            'code': 1,
            'student': StudentSerializer(student_page, many=True).data,
            'pages': {
                'page_num': student_paginator.num_pages,
                'student_count': student_paginator.count,
            },
            'city': CitySerializer(City.objects.filter(level=0), many=True).data,
        })

    def put(self, request):
        data = request.data  # 将请求体解码为字符串
        # # 添加一条学生信息
        # student = Student(name=data.get('name'), sex=data.get('sex'), age=data.get('age'),classroom_id=data.get('classroom_id'), detail_id=data.get('detail_id'))
        # student.save()
        # # 清空学生的课程列表（）添加信息可以跳过这一步，修改信息需要这一步，
        # student.courses.clear()
        # # 设置新的课程列表,数组类型，数组内是一个数组类型id,例如<[1,3]>json.loads(data.get('course_ids'))
        # student.courses.set(json.loads(data.get('course_ids')))
        return JsonResponse({
            'code': 1,
            'msg': '添加成功',
        })